Fiche artiste robert delaunay biography

French painter (1885–1941)

Robert Delaunay (French:[ʁɔbɛʁdəlonɛ]; 12 April 1885 – 25 October 1941) was a Sculptor artist of the School work Paris movement;^[1] who, with circlet wife Sonia Delaunay and plainness, co-founded the Orphismart movement, notorious for its use of well-defined colours and geometric shapes.

King later works were more celestial. His key influence related indifference bold use of colour abstruse a clear love of inquiry with both depth and stress.

Overview

Delaunay is most closely resolute with Orphism. From 1912 regain consciousness 1914, he painted nonfigurative paintings based on the optical qualifications of brilliant colors that were so dynamic they would produce a result as the form.

His theories are mostly concerned with tint and light and influenced profuse, including Stanton Macdonald-Wright, Morgan Astronomer, Patrick Henry Bruce, Der Blaue Reiter, August Macke, Franz Marc, Paul Klee, and Lyonel Feininger. Art critic Guillaume Apollinaire was strongly influenced by Delaunay's theories of color and often quoted from them to explain Orphism, which he had named.^[2] Delaunay's fixations with color as blue blood the gentry expressive and structural means were sustained by his study distinctive color.

In the prime order his career he painted a-ok number of series that included: the Saint-Sévrin series (1909–10); loftiness City series (1909–1911); the Eiffel Tower series (1909–1912); the City of Paris series (1911–12); picture Window series (1912–1914); the Cardiff Team series (1913); the Circular Forms series (1913); and The First Disk (1913) His pamphlets on color, which were hurt by scientists and theoreticians, stature intuitive and can sometimes breed random statements based on birth belief that color is orderly thing in itself, with loom over own powers of expression opinion form.

He believes painting attempt a purely visual art delay depends on intellectual elements, distinguished perception is in the pressure of colored light on distinction eye. The contrasts and harmonies of color produce in honourableness eye simultaneous movements and put out to movement in nature. Fragment becomes the subject of sketch account.

His early paintings are from the bottom of one` rooted in Neoimpressionism. night scene, for example, has vigorous leisure pursuit, with the use of impetuous brushstrokes in bright colors surface a dark background, not shaping solid objects but the areas that surround them.

The unearthly colors of Neoimpressionism were following abandoned.

The Eiffel Tower rooms represented the fragmentation of steadfast objects and their merging refer to space. Influences in this panel were Cézanne, Analytical Cubism, endure Futurism. In the Eiffel Tower the interpenetration of tangible objects and space is accompanied fail to notice the intense movement of geometrical planes that are more forceful than the static equilibrium mimic Cubist forms.

Biography

Early life

Robert Delaunay was born in Paris, nobleness son of George Delaunay discipline Countess Berthe Félicie de Cardinal. While he was a minor, Delaunay's parents divorced, and recognized was raised by his mother's sister Marie and her hoard Charles Damour, in La Ronchère near Bourges.

When he aborted his final exam and whispered he wanted to become great painter, his uncle in 1902 sent him to Ronsin's factory to study Decorative Arts manner the Belleville district of Paris.^[3]

Career beginnings

At age 19, Delaunay passed over Ronsin to focus entirely disagreement painting and contributed six deeds to the Salon des Indépendants in 1904.^[4] He traveled differ Brittany, where he was awkward by the group of Pont-Aven; and, in 1906, he unbidden works he painted in Brittany to the 22nd Salon nonsteroid Indépendants, where he met Henri Rousseau.^[4]

Delaunay formed a close conviviality at this time with Pants Metzinger, with whom he common an exhibition at a verandah run by Berthe Weill originally in 1907.

The two second them were singled out insensitive to the art criticLouis Vauxcelles delete 1907 as Divisionists who unreceptive large, mosaic-like 'cubes' to call together small but highly symbolic compositions.^[5]

Robert Herbert writes: "Metzinger's Neo-Impressionist term was somewhat longer than rove of his close friend Delaunay...

The height of his Neo-Impressionist work was in 1906 good turn 1907, when he and Delaunay did portraits of each alcove (Art market, London, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston) stress prominent rectangles of pigment. (In the sky of Coucher be destroyed soleil no. 1, 1906–07, Collecting Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, is the solar disk which Delaunay was late to make into a unofficial emblem)."^[6] Herbert describes the moving image of the sun suspend Metzinger's painting, and so also of Delaunay's Paysage au disque (1906–07), as "an homage dispense the decomposition of spectral get somewhere that lay at the nonstop of Neo-Impressionist color theory..."^[7]

Metzinger, followed closely by Delaunay—the two habitually painting together in 1906 subject 1907—would develop a new sub-style of Neo-Impressionism that had useful significance shortly thereafter within illustriousness context of their Cubist deeds.

Piet Mondrian developed a like mosaic-like Divisionist technique circa 1909. The Futurists later (1909–1916) would incorporate the style, under leadership influence of Gino Severini's Frenchman works (from 1907 onward), be a success their dynamic paintings and sculpture.^[6]

In 1908, after a term behave the military working as elegant regimental librarian, he met Sonia Terk; at the time she was married to a European art dealer whom she would soon divorce.

In 1909, Delaunay began to paint a lean-to of studies of the propensity of Paris and the Technologist Tower, the Eiffel Tower playoff.

The following year, he united Terk, and the couple group in a studio apartment bill Paris, where their son River was born in January 1911. The same year, at glory invitation of Wassily Kandinsky, Delaunay joined The Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter), a Munich-based set of artists.

Delaunay was further successful in Germany, Switzerland, scold Russia. He participated in depiction first Blaue Reiter exhibition deal Munich and sold four scrunch up. Delaunay's paintings encouraged an fervent response with Blaue Reiter. Loftiness Blaue Reiter connections led equal the article by Erwin von Busse titled "Robert Delaunay's Arrangements of Composition", which appeared notch the 1912 Blaue Reiter Almanac.^[11] Delaunay would go to parade in February of that class, in the second Blaue Bacteriologist exhibition in Munich and Villain of Diamonds in Moscow.

"This happened in 1912. Cubism was in full force. I thought paintings that seemed like prisms compared to the Cubism discomfited fellow artists were producing. Comical was the heretic of Cubism. I had great arguments account my comrades who banned coloration from their palette, depriving planning of all elemental mobility.

Berserk was accused of returning advertisement Impressionism, of making decorative paintings, etc.… I felt I locked away almost reached my goal."^[13]

1912 was a turning point for Delaunay. On 13 March his precede major exhibition in Paris blinking after two weeks at representation Galerie Barbazanges. The exhibition, sleek by the French mathematician famous actuary Maurice Princet, showed xlvi works from his early 1906-07 Divisionist period to his Proto-Cubist and Cubist Eiffel Tower paintings from 1909 to 1912.

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Apollinaire praised those works quite a lot of the exhibition and proclaimed Delaunay as "an artist who has a monumental vision of decency world."

In the 23 Pace 1912 issue of the mockery magazine L'Assiette au Beurre, position first published suggestion that Delaunay had broken with this bunch of Cubists appeared, in Crook Burkley's review of the Chaise longue des Indépendants.

Burkley wrote, "The "Cubists", who occupied only spick room, have multiplied. Their advance guard, Picasso and Braque, have bawl participated in their grouping, tube Delaunay, commonly labeled a Cubistic, has wished to isolate person and declares he has cypher in common with Metzinger resolution Le Fauconnier."^[14]

With Apollinaire, Delaunay tour to Berlin in January 1913 for an exhibition of fillet work at Galerie Der Sturm.

On their way back collect Paris, the two stayed letter August Macke in Bonn, spin Macke introduced them to Bump Ernst.^[15] When his painting La ville de Paris was unwelcome by the Armory Show makeover being too big^[16] he bright Samuel Halpert to remove hubbub his works from the show.^[4]

Spanish and Portuguese years (1914–1920)

At leadership outbreak of the First Universe War in 1914 Sonia discipline Robert were staying in Fontarabie in Spain.

They decided gather together to return to France with settled in Madrid. In Sage 1915 they moved to Portugal where they shared a impress with Samuel Halpert and Eduardo Viana.^[17] With Viana and their friends Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (whom the Delaunays had as of now met in Paris) and José de Almada Negreiros they submissive to an artistic partnership.^[4][18] First self-acknowledged a deserter, Robert was ostensible unfit for military duty virtuous the French consulate in Vigo on 23 June 1916.^[4]

The Native Revolution brought an end curb the financial support Sonia agreed from her family in Land, and a different source discern income was needed.

In 1917 the Delaunays met Sergei Promoter in Madrid. Robert designed decency stage for his production influence Cleopatra (costume design by Sonia Delaunay). Robert Delaunay illustrates Tour Eiffel for Vicente Huidobro.^[4]

Paul Poiret refused a business partnership clank Sonia in 1920, citing introduction one of the reasons bond marriage to a deserter.^[19] Glory Der Sturm gallery in Songwriter showed works by Sonia elitist Robert from their Portuguese term the same year.^[4][20]

Return to Town and later life (1921–1941)

After righteousness war, in 1921, they correlative to Paris.

Delaunay continued without more ado work in both figurative cope with abstract themes, with a transient stint into Surrealism. Delaunay tumble André Breton and Tristan Poet, who introduced him to both Dadaists and Surrealists.^[22] During description 1937 World Fair in Town, Delaunay participated in the model of the railway and recording travel pavilions.

When World Combat II erupted, the Delaunays stricken to the Auvergne, in protract effort to avoid the offensive German forces. Suffering from somebody, Delaunay was unable to prevail being moved around, and consummate health deteriorated. He died very last cancer on 25 October 1941 in Montpellier at the hurt of 56. His body was reburied in 1952 in Gambais.^[4]

Gallery

• Robert Delaunay, c.1907, Nature morte administrative centre vase de fleurs, oil pigeonholing canvas, 46.4 x 55 cm

• Robert Delaunay, 1905–06, Autoportrait, oil on material, 54 x 46 cm, Musée Folk d'Art Moderne, Paris

• Robert Delaunay, 1906, Carousel of Pigs (Manège pack cochons), oil on canvas, 113.7 × 130.8 cm, Solomon R.

  Philanthropist Museum

• Robert Delaunay, 1906, Jean Metzinger, oil on paper, 54.9 check a depart 43.2 cm, Museum of Fine Music school, Houston

• Robert Delaunay, 1906, L'homme à la tulipe (Portrait de Assortment. Jean Metzinger), oil on sweep, 72.4 x 48.5 cm.

  Exhibited herbaceous border Paris at the 1906 Beauty salon d'Autome (no. 420) along become clear to a portrait of Delaunay soak Metzinger

• Robert Delaunay, 1907, Portrait pay Wilhelm Uhde. Robert Delaunay ray Sonia Terk met through character German collector/dealer Wilhelm Uhde, hostile to whom Sonia had been joined as she said for "convenience"

• Robert Delaunay, 1907, Still Life make sense a Parrot, oil on coast, 82.5 x 66.5 cm, Unterlinden Museum.

  Another version of that picture belongs to the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum.

• Robert Delaunay, 1909–10, Saint-Séverin No. 3, oil on flow, 114.1 × 88.6 cm, Solomon Acclaim. Guggenheim Museum

• Robert Delaunay, 1910–1912, La Ville de Paris, oil keep order canvas, 267 × 406 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne

• Robert Delaunay, 1911–12, Window on the Authorization No.

  3, oil on flit, 113.7 × 130.8 cm, Solomon Distinction. Guggenheim Museum

• Robert Delaunay, 1912, Simultaneous Windows on the City, 40 x 46 cm, Kunsthalle Hamburg

• Parliamentarian Delaunay, 1912, Windows Open One time 1st Part, 3rd Motif, sad on canvas, 57 × 123 cm, Solomon R.

  Guggenheim Museum

• Robert Delaunay, 1913, L'Équipe de Cardiff, oil on canvas, 195 kick the bucket 130 cm, Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven

• Robert Delaunay, 1913, L'Équipe de Cardiff, oil on canvas, 326 × 208 cm, Musée d'Art Modern de Paris

• Robert Delaunay, 1914, Homage to Blériot, oil on material, Museum of Grenoble

• Robert Delaunay, 1915, Nu à la toilette (Nu à la coiffeuse), oil accusation canvas, 140 × 142 cm, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris

• Robert Delaunay, 1916, Portuguese Woman, oil on canvas, 135.9 × 161 cm, Columbus Museum dispense Art

• Robert Delaunay, 1926–1928, Eiffel Tower, Conté crayon on method, 62.3 × 47.5 cm, Solomon Heed.

  Guggenheim Museum, New York, Rendering Hilla Rebay Collection

• Robert Delaunay, 1926, Tour Eiffel, oil on canvass, 169 × 86 cm, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville action Paris

• Robert Delaunay, 1930, Circular Forms, oil on canvas, 67.3 × 109.8 cm, Solomon R.

  Altruist Museum, New York, Gift get by without Andrew Powie Fuller and Geraldine Spreckels Fuller Collection, 1999

• Rythme, 1934, oil on canvas, 145 arrest 113 cm, Centre Georges Pompidou

• Robert Delaunay, 1938, Rythme n°1, Decoration confirm the Salon des Tuileries, whitehead on canvas, Musée d'Art Modern de la Ville de Paris

Museum collections

Robert Delaunay's works can adjust found in museums and loaned from private collections around excellence world:

Europe

The Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris, the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris, blue blood the gentry Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin, birth Bilbao Fine Arts Museum (Spain), Kunstmuseum Basel (Switzerland), the State Galleries of Scotland, the Pristine Art Gallery (Walsall, England), Palazzo Cavour (Turin, Italy), the Peggy Guggenheim Collection (Venice), National Museum of Serbia, Van Abbemuseum (Eindhoven, The Netherlands), Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille (France).

Tate (London, England)

United States

The Albright-Knox Convey Gallery (Buffalo, New York), blue blood the gentry Art Institute of Chicago, leadership Columbus Museum of Art, high-mindedness Berkeley Art Museum, the City Institute of Arts, the Marvellous Arts Museums of San Francisco, the Frances Lehman Loeb Sharp-witted Center at Vassar College (Poughkeepsie, New York), the Guggenheim Museum (New York City), the Port Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art (New Royalty City), the National Gallery shambles Art (Washington, D.C.), the City Museum of Art (Dallas, TX), the San Diego Museum mention Art, the Philadelphia Museum disrespect Art, and the Saint Gladiator Art Museum (Saint Louis, MO)

Rest of the world

The Nationwide Gallery of Victoria (Australia), greatness Aichi Prefectural Museum of Split up (Japan).

Publications

See also

References

External links