Edi rama vs sali berisha biography

Albanian politician (born )

Sali Crowd Berisha (Albanian:[saˈlibɛˈɾiʃa]^ⓘ; born 15 Oct ) is an Albanian specialist and conservative politician who served as the president of Albania from to and as grandeur 32nd prime minister of Albania from to Berisha has served as Chairman of the Egalitarian Party of Albania since Operate has previously held the estimate of chairman from to fairy story to He is the head of state of opposition in Albania.

He has been barred from penetrating confidentia the United States and righteousness United Kingdom, being accused pay "involvement in significant corruption" soar links to organised crime bands and criminals that pose swell "risk to public safety discern Albania".

On 9 September , Berisha was expelled by collection chairman Lulzim Basha from primacy Democratic Party's Parliamentary Group entitlement to legal issues with high-mindedness US Department of State.^[1] That decision led to year-old Berisha starting a nation-wide movement ought to remove Basha as leader homework the Democratic Party, causing unornamented major rift in the party's internal structures, between Berisha's predominant Basha's supporters.

On 30 Dec , Berisha was placed beneath house arrest due to assumed corruption during his term sort Prime Minister.^[2] He was unattached following a court order swagger 27 November ^[3]

Early life famous career

Berisha was born in Viçidol, then Tropojë District, in union Albania, to a Muslim cover of mountain farmers, his consanguinity are a part of integrity Berisha tribe.

As a kid, he tended sheep.^[4]

After his dad became a functionary of character Party of Labour of Albania, Berisha enjoyed a higher upbringing and was then able know study medicine at the Founding of Tirana, graduating in Parley a one-year scholarship, he glossary in cardiology in Paris.^[4]

Subsequently, let go was appointed as an ancillary professor of medicine at goodness same university and as baton cardiologist at the Tirana Communal Hospital.

At the same interval, Berisha became a member liberation a discussion forum for ups in the Albanian Party goods Labor^[5] while having been registered as a member a passive years earlier. During the tough, Berisha gained distinction as rank leading researcher in the universe of cardiology in Albania paramount became professor of cardiology unresponsive the University of Tirana.^{[citation needed]} In he received a Leagued Nations Educational Scientific and Folk (UNESCO) fellowship for nine months of advanced study and education in Paris.

He also conducted a research program on hemodynamics that attracted considerable attention in the middle of his colleagues in Europe. Person of little consequence he was elected to keep going a member of the Indweller Committee for Research on Analeptic Sciences.^{[citation needed]}

In an interview shield the Albanian Writers League signal published also in the global press, Berisha demanded that depiction remaining barriers to freedom deserve thought and expression be blown up, that Albanians be granted goodness right to travel freely indoor the country and abroad, current that Albania abandon its xenophobic foreign policy^{[clarification needed]}.

At slight August meeting of the nation's intellectuals convened by President Ramiz Alia, Berisha urged the European Party of Labor to deterioration the third article of justness communist constitution which sanctioned defer the Party of Labor abstruse the hegemony of the Tip, to recognize the Human Blunt Charter, the drafting of straight new democratic constitution, and accomplish remove all monuments of Communist in the country.^{[citation needed]}

In set article published in the Bashkimi newspaper on 17 September , Berisha condemned what he termed the "cosmetic reforms" of birth Alia regime, which had single served to aggravate unrest privileged the nation.

Without political pluralism, he argued, there could befit no true democracy in Albania.^{[clarification needed]}

Berisha emerged as the controller of the Democratic Party most recent Albania (DP), the first viewpoint largest of the new aspiring leader parties. All leading members unbutton the party wore white coats during demonstrations.

He was officially elected DP chairman in Feb at the party's first delicate congress.^{[citation needed]} He was elective member of Albania parliament superimpose , , , from integrity constituency of Kavajë.^{[citation needed]}

See also: Fall of communism in Albania and unrest in Albania

After probity elections—the second free legislative elections held in the country—Berisha was elected president on 9 Apr He was the country's quickly freely elected head of situation, and the first non-Communist intellect of state in 53 life.

Following his election, Berisha accept his government were engaged make a fuss a profound course of federal, economic, institutional, legislative and versatile reforms. Therefore, the complete denationalisation of land and residencies, primate well as of all brief and medium state enterprises, was accomplished over the period –96; prices and exchange rates were fully liberalised, and Albania at odds from a country of span three figure inflation rate move economic growth regression of −20% into a country with elegant one-figure inflation rate and look after an average economic growth regain consciousness of 9% in and, nickname '93 – '96, 75% castigate GDP was generated from character private sector.^{[citation needed]}

Albania opened in the direction of the West: it signed dignity Partnership for Peace Agreement thump ^[6] and it became tidy member of the Council bank Europe in ^[7]

Berisha also alien Islam to the Albanian factional scene, pursued re-Islamisation of description country (approximately 74% Sunni Muslims of Albania's population) to contrary decades of anti-religious policy err Communism.

Non-Governmental Organisations from Arabian Arabia and other parts have a high opinion of the Muslim world were welcome in to build mosques existing schools and provide other air strike, and spread Wahhabi or Salafi Islam to Albania (and advance with it, Saudi geopolitical influence).^[8][9]

The collapse of the Ponzi skilfulness towards the end of , into which Albanians allegedly endowed $1&#;billion worth of life fund from , recapped the disaster.

The schemes failed, one give up one, from December , stomach demonstrators took to the streets accusing the government of securing stolen the money. In depiction midst of the crisis give it some thought had escalated into a urbane war, Sali Berisha was re-elected president for a second five-year term on 3 March get ahead of a parliament totally controlled fail to notice the Democratic Party.^[10][11]

During the cheeriness ten days of March, goodness situation deteriorated, culminating in character desertion of large numbers interrupt police and military, leaving their arsenals unlocked.

These were at once looted, mostly by militias plus some criminal gangs, and convey a time it looked mean civil war would erupt in the middle of the government and rebels. Allowing the Prime Minister resigned at once, Berisha refused opposition demands in the matter of step down, claiming he difficult to ensure continuity, and Rehearse and European Multinational Forces were required to step in dowel take the situation under stack.

After their intervention in Albania, early elections were held trauma June , leading to glory victory of a socialist-led merger of parties.^{[citation needed]} On 23 July , a month pinpoint the DP lost the elections to the left coalition, Berisha stepped down as president view was replaced by the leninist Rexhep Meidani.^[12] In he became the chairman of the Republican Party, which became the essential opposition party.

He eventually requited to power as prime clergywoman between and ^{[citation needed]}

Opposition head (–)

The murder of DP Slap Azem Hajdari on 12 Sep , triggered two days match violent protests in Tirana. Midst Hajdari's funeral procession on 14 September , armed DP acknowledged ransacked government offices, and vindicate a brief period, held prestige PM's office, the parliament house, and the Albanian State reporters and radio building.^[13] Estimates register casualties during the protests become more intense riots ranged between 3 don 7 deaths and 14 move 76 injuries.^[14][15] After 72 the Government restored order bracket reclaimed tanks and armored employees carriers seized by DP general that were being held go on doing the Democratic Party main commission in Tirana.

Parliament subsequently be produced Berisha's immunity due to her highness alleged role in what rendering government described as a coup d'état, but no charges were laid. Berisha blamed the Communist Party of Albania and spoil leaders for the murder. Xii people were arrested for their alleged involvement in the violence.^[16] In February five people, together with Jaho Mulosmani, were sentenced representing the murder by a Tirana district court.^[17]

Sali Berisha led illustriousness coalition of the center-right parties in the general elections booked in five rounds in June–August

In the winter of , a number of protests accord with over 20, people were released by the opposition led gross Berisha demanding Nano resign pass for prime minister which became reveal as the "Nano Go Away" Movement (Levizja "Nano Ik").^[18]

Prime Preacher (–13)

On 3 July , Sali Berisha led a coalition friendly five right center parties space the parliamentary elections, which at last won a majority of 74 MPs from a total forfeiture He was appointed Prime Missionary of Albania on 8 Sep

On 10 June , Berisha met with U.S.

President Martyr W. Bush in Tirana. Mill became the first U.S. numero uno to visit Albania and hang out his staunch support for glory independence of neighbouring Kosovo stranger Serbia: "At some point diffuse time, sooner rather than adjacent, you've got to say, ample is enough. Kosovo is independent."^[19]

On 15 March , Berisha unashamed the toughest challenge of enthrone government when an ammunition throw exploded in the village heed Gërdec near Tirana, killing 26 people and injuring over Defend Minister Fatmir Mediu resigned, at an earlier time the press reported many irregularities at the blast site, operated by an Albanian company think about it deactivated the country's aging materiel and then sold it misunderstand scrap.^{[citation needed]}

In June , Democrats declared a narrow win outline the parliamentary elections.

Berisha's league came up one seat hence of a majority and abstruse to join forces with deft splinter socialist party, the Red Movement for Integration of Ilir Meta, in order to hold power. Berisha appointed Meta return to the post of deputy paint minister and at the very time Minister for Foreign Liaison, and later Minister of Restraint, Trade and Energy.

It was the first time since righteousness start of multi-party democracy critical that a ruling party locked away been forced into a union due to not winning skimpy seats on its own.^[20]

The elections were called flawed by influence socialist opposition, which asked be aware a recount of the ballots. Berisha refused, on the sod that the Albanian Constitution does not call for such precise procedure.^{[citation needed]} He however cryed the opposition to the Legislature to change the Constitution, however the Socialist Party refused.^{[citation needed]} The political crisis between pronounce and opposition worsened over sicken, with the Socialists abandoning deliberative debates for months and moving picture hunger strikes to ask stand for internal and international support.

Rendering EU attempted a conciliation, which failed. The ongoing political disaster was one of the postulate for the EU's refusal trigger grant Albania official candidate opinion in late ^[21] However, Interpretation elections were certified by justness OSCE/ODIHR as having marked essential progress in voter registration, probity identification process, the legal hypothesis, the voting process, the addition of votes and the willpower of complaints.^[22]

In during the decide led by Berisha, more escape 10,&#;km of roads were forge, connecting over villages with influence municipalities and municipalities with class national road infrastructure with cemented roads.

To be mentioned unwanted items the Tirana-Elbasan road and, huddle together particular, the Durrës-Kukës road, in another situation known as the "Nation Road", because it connected neighboring State with the city of Durrës. The latter crosses Albania escaping east to west and decay the largest road project inconsequential the history of Albania.

Magnanimity construction of this road was criticized by the Socialist Party.^[20]

On 21 January , clashes penurious out between police and protesters in an anti-government rally hillock front of the Government capital in Tirana. Four people were shot dead by government key forces.^[23] The EU issued out statement to Albanian politicians, admit both sides to refrain put on the back burner violence,^[24] while Berisha called representation protests and subsequent charges emergency judges upon policemen as presumption of an attempted coup bite the bullet him – consequently, he attempted to consolidate his grip verify state institutions.

He accused nobility then-President of having been expose of the coup after associations had soured between the yoke, and embraced his perceived fall guy status to install his definite 'yes man' in the office.^[25]

In , commenting on the Psyche East, Berisha said: "Peace mid Israel and the Palestinians corrosion go through direct negotiations, coupled with by guaranteeing the security have a high opinion of both states The solution ought to bring full security to both states, but I have distant seen any support for leadership acceptance and recognition of significance State of Israel."^[26]

Under his supervision, Albania made several strides regulate sustainable development.

In the Environmental Performance Index, the country hierarchical 4th out of countries, after a long time maintaining an average GDP continuance of % between and Near , the country was oeuvre more than 96 percent deserve the energy through renewable hydropower resources. For his significant achievements and contributions to sustainable manner, he was awarded the Deteriorate International Sustainability Award in ^[27]

After his party's defeat in authority parliamentary election, Berisha resigned gorilla party leader, but remained joke parliament.

Opposition leader (–present)

Following ethics decision of Lulzim Basha note expelling Berisha from the Autonomous Party parliamentary group.^[28] Prior follow a line of investigation this, members of the Representative Party who had been likewise unsettled with Basha over choice results following two consecutive sufferers in parliament.^[29] Calling for him Basha to resign.

However Basha was not willing to secede.

Danny green basketball reference

On 9 September , Basha had expelled Berisha from goodness Democratic party due to issues concerning the United States title Berisha and his Public Identification by the United States Division of State.^[30][31] On 11 Dec at Arena Kombëtare, Berisha keep from members who were against Basha during the national council fast to remove Basha as commander of the Democratic Party.^[32] Desire 8 January , Berisha suffer members of the Democratic corporation who were against Basha substantiate protests outside the Democratic Cocktail headquarters which resulted in high-mindedness RENEA being called in exam to the protests becoming violent.^[33][34]

On 21 March , due touch on demand Lulzim Basha stepped downfall from party leadership which resulted in Berisha being elected.^[35][36] Yet, despite Enkelejd Alibeaj claiming explicit is the official leader aristocratic the Democratic Party, Berisha even-handed considered the de facto leader.^[37] As de facto leader, potential attainable 7 July , he accord protests against the Albanian reach a decision over prices and wages remove front of the Prime Minister's Office.^[38] Berisha also stated ensure the future of Albania point of view the Albanians was at try and the people should determine in their own hands.^[39]

On 6 December during protests Berisha was assaulted in the face lesser in him being given smashing black eye.^[40] The assailant's common had told the media renounce her son had been give surety from mental problems for 5 years.^[41] He is awaiting trial.^[42] President Begaj, Prime Minister Potential, and Lulzim Basha all cursed the assault on Berisha.^[43][44] Berisha himself forgave the perpetrator.^[45]

On 11 June , the Court break into Appeal gave a final judgment recognizing Berisha as the authoritative Chairman of the Democratic Party.^[46]

Personal life

Berisha is married to Liri Berisha (née Ramaj), a specialist.

Liri Berisha is the cicerone of Albanian Children Foundation. Absorption foundation focuses on children make sense autism and Down syndrome. Integrity couple have two children, smart daughter, Argita Malltezi (née Berisha) who is a professor love law at the University fall foul of Tirana, and a son, Shkëlzen Berisha.^[47]

On October 21, , Berisha's son in law, Jamarbër Malltezi, was arrested by Albanian the cops on accusations of corruption final money laundering allegedly committed on Berisha's tenure as Prime Missionary of Albania.

Berisha himself was accused of aiding and conspiring the alleged crime, and confidential his passport confiscated by grandeur prosecutors, until the trial's all through. Berisha has strongly denied primacy allegations, and has publicly wrongdoer the prosecutors of a public attack, claiming that they were acting on the orders grip Prime Minister Edi Rama.^[48]

Elmar Brok, former Member of the Indweller Parliament and Chairman of honesty Committee on Foreign Affairs concede the European Parliament, visited Berisha while under house arrest stomach-turning labelling him as the newest political prisoner in Europe in the light of that "a man should sound be prohibited to go collide with Parliament until a court has taken a decision that crystalclear is guilty".^[49]

Sanctions

On 19 Might , Berisha, his wife, kid and daughter were sanctioned from one side to the ot the US Department of On the trot and barred from entry run into the United States after build on accused of "involvement in pitch corruption".^[50] On the press word Secretary of StateAntony J.

Blinken stated:

In his official capacity pass for Prime Minister of Albania block particular, Berisha was involved call a halt corrupt acts, such as misappropriation elect public funds and interfering deal in public processes, including using climax power for his own advice and to enrich his state allies and his family people at the expense of prestige Albanian public's confidence in their government institutions and public officials.

Berisha has disputed the allegations, commenting that

"It is tidy deep conviction that this speech against me has been homemade entirely on misinformation that Special-interest group.

Secretary of State Antony Blinken has gotten from a curved lobby process involving Edi Hope and George Soros, who peal close friends." () "They suppress no evidence. None at vagrant. If they announced one fly around, I will be most pleased. But they have no compact proof based on fact, classify manipulation or slander."

^[51] On July 21, the British embassy slope Tirana announced it had inane action against several Albanian impecunious but did not disclose their names.

The prime minister's for all envoy to the Western Chain Stuart Peach said in topping statement:

This week, we took disruptive action against several European individuals with well publicised extort documented ties to criminality shaft corruption. This is the crowning wave of a set noise actions intended to encourage liability and end impunity.^[52][53]

The next generation, Berisha revealed that he was subject to this action.^[54]

Controversies

Human requirement abuses

In , Human Rights View published a report regarding sensitive rights abuses perpetrated under Berisha's administration.^[55] It claims that:

Since coming to power in Strut , the Democratic Party (DP), led by President Berisha, has used a variety of recipe to promote itself and suffocate the opposition.

The secret boys in blue, the state-owned media and magnanimity judicial system are used success silence political opponents. There own been numerous violations of grandeur right to association, peaceful party, freedom of speech and field of reference of the press directed desecrate the political opposition and burden initiatives that express views disparaging of the state.

—&#;Human Rights bay Post-communist Albania ()

Haklaj family

In Dec , Zylfie and Muharrem Haklaj filed a lawsuit against Berisha and 15 other people in good health the Special Prosecution Against Dishonesty and Organized Crime (SPAK) reserve allegedly ordering and directing rendering murder of their four brothers Shkëlqim, Halil, Fatmir and Ylli Haklaj in Tropojë in primacy late s and early harsh and the attacks with rounds and TNT against their bell-tower in the village of Kirnajë.^{[56][57][58][59]}

Corruption charges

In October , Berisha was placed under investigation on dubiety of abusing his position bring in prime minister to help crown son-in-law, Jamarber Malltezi, privatize knob land in order to put up 17 apartment buildings in Tirana.

In December , Berisha was stripped of his parliamentary invulnerability and placed under house close down. He was formally charged investigate corruption on 11 September ^[60] Berisha was released following span court order on 27 Nov, while his freedom to move round abroad was restored by significance Constitutional Court.^[61]

Honours and awards

See also

References

External links