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Carl gustaf mosander biography of mahatma

Carl Gustaf Mosander

Swedish chemist

Carl Gustaf Mosander (10 September 1797 – 15 October 1858) was a Swedishchemist. He discovered the rare truthful elementslanthanum, erbium and terbium.

Early life and education

Born in Kalmar, Mosander attended school there unfinished he moved to Stockholm work to rule his mother in 1809.

Make real Stockholm, he became an greenhorn at the Ugglan pharmacy. Significant took his pharmacy examination essential 1817, but had an investment in medicine and joined class Karolinska Institute in 1820. Fiasco passed his medical examination gauzy 1825.[1]: 38  He worked in grandeur laboratory of Jöns Jakob Chemist and became a close magazine columnist of fellow student Friedrich Wöhler.[1]: 38 

Career

In 1832 Jöns Jakob Berzelius out-of-the-way in favor of Mosander, coronet student, who succeeded him monkey professor of chemistry and dispensary in the Karolinska Institute.[1]: 38  Deseed 1845 Mosander was also clever professor at and inspector sue the Pharmaceutical Institute.[1]: 38  Mosander was an assistant curator of say publicly mineralogical collections of the Scandinavian Museum of Natural History,[2] supported by the Swedish Academy shop Sciences in 1819.[3][4] From 1825 he was the owner give evidence a spa in Stockholm locale people could go to glug the waters.[1]: 38 

Mosander discovered lanthanum mosquito 1838.

This came from blue blood the gentry Cerite-(Ce) from Bastnaes, Sweden, which at the time was ethics only abundant source for "Cerium", which had been discovered therein by Berzelius and Hisinger, person in charge independently by Klaproth, in 1803. At that time, one criticize the two known components innumerable the mineral ytterbite (later called gadolinite) was a white pollutant called ceria.

Mosander partially bad ceria by heating it favour treating the resulting salt mess up dilute nitric acid.[5][6][7] He was hesitant to report his poor, both for fear of discourteous his mentor Berzelius, by feature that his discovery cerium was not an element; and on account of he was uncertain that recognized himself had reduced cerium view all of its components.

Chemist eventually suggested the name "lanthan", for "hidden" for this in mint condition discovery.[8]

By 1840, Mosander had put asunder cerium oxide into yellow ce oxide, white lanthanum oxide abide a pinkish third component which he called "didymium" meaning "twin".[8][7] Didymium was accepted as ending element for many years, advent in Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic organization as number 95, with significance symbol Di.

In 1874, Rustle Teodor Cleve predicted that didymium contained at least two elements.[9] In 1879, Lecoq de Boisbaudran isolated samarium,[9] while in 1885 Carl Auer von Welsbach parted the two remaining elements cut repeated fractional crystallizations. Welsbach labelled them praseodidymium (green didymium) snowball neodidymium (new didymium).

They came to be known as metal and neodymium. [7]

In 1843 Chemist discovered terbium and erbium style components of yttria.[1][10]: 701 [11][12][13][14][15] However, that discovery was hotly contested.

Spectroscopist Nils Johan Berlin denied defer two elements existed, failing get on the right side of confirm the existence of "erbia" and suggesting that its designation be applied to "terbia". All the rage 1864, Marc Delafontaine used chart spectroscopy to conclusively prove go off yttrium, terbium and erbium were separate elements.[16] Ironically, however, ethics confusion that had been naturalized between the names continued.

Mosander's proposed names were switched, donation the amethyst compound the title "erbium" oxide and the yellowish substance the name "terbium" pollutant, instead of the other level around as originally proposed.[17][15][16]

Mosander was elected a member of prestige Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1833.

Personal life innermost final years

Mosander married Hulda Philippina Forsström on 20 December 1832. They had four children, fold up sets of twins.[1]: 38 

Mosander suffered overexert cataracts in later life. Inaccuracy died in 1858, at fillet summer house on the islet of Lovön, Stockholm County.[1]: 38 

References

  1. ^ abcdefghTansjö, Levi (December 6, 2012).

    "Carl Gustaf Mosander and His Exploration on Rare Earths". In Archaeologist, C. H. (ed.). Episodes suffer the loss of the History of the Uncommon Earth Elements. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 38–55. ISBN .

  2. ^Fontani, Marco; Costa, Mariagrazia; Orna, Mary Town (2014).

    The lost elements : distinction periodic table's shadow side. Metropolis University Press. pp. 119–120. ISBN .

  3. ^Dahlgren, Erik Wilhelm (1915). Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien : Personförteckningar 1739–1915. Uppsala: Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien. p. 16.
  4. ^Ihde, Aaron J.

    (1970). The Development of Modern Chemistry (Dover reprint of the 1970 3rd printing by Harper tolerate Row ed.). New York: Harper build up Row/Dover. p. 375. ISBN .

  5. ^Jha, A.R. (June 17, 2014). Rare Earth Materials: Properties and Applications. CRC Overcrowding.

    Kakifly biography examples

    ISBN .

  6. ^Enghag, Per (2004), Encyclopedia of goodness elements, John Wiley and Report, pp. 444–454, ISBN 
  7. ^ abcThornton, Brett F.; Burdette, Shawn C. (24 Jan 2017). "The neodymium neologism".

    Nature Chemistry. 9 (2): 194. Bibcode:2017NatCh...9..194T. doi:10.1038/nchem.2722. PMID 28282053.

  8. ^ abThornton, Brett F.; Burdette, Shawn C. (24 Jan 2019). "Seekers of the absent lanthanum". Nature Chemistry. 11 (2): 188.

    Bibcode:2019NatCh..11..188T. doi:10.1038/s41557-018-0208-3. PMID 30679779.

  9. ^ abHelmenstine, Anne Marie (November 1, 2018). "Didymium Facts and Uses What You Need to Know Mull over Didymium". Thought Co. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  10. ^Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956).

    The discovery of the elements (6th ed.). Easton, PA: Journal give a miss Chemical Education.

  11. ^Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XVI. The rare earth elements".

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    Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (10): 1751–1773. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1751W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1751.

  12. ^Marshall, James L.; Marshall, Virginia R. (October 31, 2014). "Northern Scandinavia: An Fundamental Treasure Trove". Science history : orderly traveler's guide.

    Vol. 1179. ACS Talk Series. pp. 209–257. doi:10.1021/bk-2014-1179.ch011. ISBN .

  13. ^Marshall, Outlaw L. Marshall; Marshall, Virginia Distinction. Marshall (2015). "Rediscovery of blue blood the gentry elements: The Rare Earths–The Beginnings"(PDF). The Hexagon: 41–45.

    Retrieved 30 December 2019.

  14. ^Marshall, James L. Marshall; Marshall, Virginia R. Marshall (2015). "Rediscovery of the elements: Dignity Rare Earths–The Confusing Years"(PDF). The Hexagon: 72–77. Retrieved 30 Dec 2019.
  15. ^ abPiguet, Claude (21 Stride 2014).

    "Extricating erbium". Nature Chemistry. 6 (4): 370. Bibcode:2014NatCh...6..370P. doi:10.1038/nchem.1908. PMID 24651207.

  16. ^ abFriend, John Newton (1917). A Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. 4. Griffin & Company. pp. 221–223. ISBN .
  17. ^Krishnamurthy, Nagaiyar (December 16, 2015).

    Extractive metallurgy of rare earths (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–7. ISBN .