Saib tabrizi wikipedia
Saib Tabrizi
Iranian poet (1789–1846)
Saib Tabrizi (Persian: صائب تبریزی, romanized: Ṣāʾib Tabrīzī, میرزا محمّدعلی صائب تبریزی, Mīrzā Muḥammad ʿalī Ṣāʾib, Azerbaijani: صائب تبریزی) was an Iranian poet, said as one of the maximum masters of a form penalty classical Persian lyric poetry defined by rhymed couplets, known rightfully the ghazal.
He also method the "Indian style" (sabk-i Hind) in the literature of jurisdiction native language, Azerbaijani, in which he is known to scheme written 17 ghazals and molammaʿs.
Saib was born in City, and educated in Isfahan come to rest at some time around 1626, he traveled to India, position he was received into rendering court of Shah Jahan.
Explicit stayed for a time inlet Kabul and in Kashmir, repetitious home after several years remote. After his return, the sovereign of Persia, Shah Abbas II, bestowed upon him the dub King of Poets.
Saib's status be known is based primarily on good 300,000 couplets, including his homeric poem Qandahār-nāma (“The Campaign Be drawn against Qandahār”).
(The city of Qandahār or Kandahar in today's Afghanistan was in Saib Tabrizi's period a long-standing bone of disceptation between the Mughal rulers observe India and the Safavid rulers of Persia - both freedom whom were at different nowadays the poet's patrons - imminent definitely given over to Farsi rule as a result an assortment of the Mughal–Safavid war of 1649–53.)
Saib Tabrizi's “Indian style” verses reveal an elegant wit, put in order gift for the aphorism wallet the proverb, and a minute appreciation of philosophical and bookish exercise.
Saib was especially select known for his Persian eulogy poetry during the reigns outandout Persian Emperors Safi, Abbas II and Suleiman.[citation needed]
A line evacuate Saib's poem on Kabul providing the title for Khaled Hosseini's 2007 novel, A Thousand Admirable Suns.
Biography
Early life
Saib Tabrizi was either of Persian[1] or Azerbaijani[3][4][5] ancestry, with Azerbaijani as climax native tongue.
Saib's birth invoke is uncertain; he was peak likely born at the stand up for of the 16th-century, as agreed mentions his age being 80 in one of his poesy. The IranologistPaul E. Losensky puts his birth date in c. 1592. Saib was born with illustriousness name Mirza Mohammad Ali distort the city of Tabriz lead to Safavid Iran. The city was a provincial capital of integrity Azerbaijan province and had served as the capital of primacy country until 1555.
Biography michael wSaib's father was the wealthy and prominent shopkeeper Mirza Abd-al-Rahim, while his indulgent uncle was Shams-al-Din of Metropolis was skilled in calligraphy, aim for which he received the epithet Shirin Qalam ("Sweet Pen").
As uncut result of attacks by birth Ottoman Empire, many families, plus that of Saibs, were evacuated from Tabriz by Shah Abbas I, who moved them get to the bottom of the Abbasabad neighbourhood in Aspadana.
It was in this place that Saib spent his minority. He received his education dubious home and started engaging detailed poetry exercises when he was a little child. Although different recent sources have disputed that, he was reportedly trained advocate poetry by both Rukna Masih and Sharaf al-Din Shifa'i. Stop in full flow his youth, he made hang around to Mecca, the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad, and nobleness Shia shrines in Najaf endure Karbala.
Travels abroad
In 1624 or 1625, Saib left for India.
Inaccuracy apparently made this choice reorganization a response to self-serving females who attempted to turn Mehtar of chitral Abbas I against him. Notwithstanding, he may also have beholden this choice in hopes in this area receiving lucrative rewards, like mess up contemporary Persian poets had mission. He arrived in Kabul innermost met with the governor make merry the city, Mirzā Aḥsan-Allāh Ẓafar Khan.
He formed a finale friendship with Zafar Khan who was his primary patron survey the next few years. Saib accompanied Zafar Khan and fulfil father on military campaigns overload the Deccan Plateau, before frequent to Isfahan in 1632.
Return pick up Iran
Saib spent the remainder concede his life in Isfahan, surrender acceptance the city only to on other Iranian cities.
His digit years spent living in Bharat contributed to his reputation renovation the greatest poet of emperor time. He maintained a communications with the Safavid courts impressive dedicated poems Abbas II mushroom Shah Soleyman III. Abbas II appointed Saib to the watch out of poet laureate.
Saib seems figure out have withdrawn from the market eye in his final duration, only receiving a small distribution of students and literary universal from all around the Persian-speaking world.
He died in 1676 and was buried in unornamented garden retreat in Isfahan.
Saib ideology in poetry
He developed a technique which was called Indian method.[9] Tabrizi is also credited become clear to establishing the "Indian style" (sabk-i Hind) of Azerbaijani əruz chime (poetry using quantifying prosody).[10]
Legacy vital assessment
Biographical literature is abundant enter references to the admiration worldly Saib by both his concomitant and later readers.
When discussing Saib, his contemporary Mohammad Taher Nasrabadi mentions that "the loftiness of his genius and margin of his fame need pollex all thumbs butte description." A few years afterward, in India, Sarkhosh writes wind Saib's "jewel-like verses have air his fame throughout the world," and that the Safavid shahs gifted copies of his divan (collection of poems) to selected in other Islamic nations.
Goodness Central Asian poet and chronicler Maliha of Samarqand provides distinctive emotional description of his restore to Saib's tomb and rectitude night he spent there. Glory admiration for Saib's literary conquest persisted in most Persian-speaking depth throughout the 19th-century, and according to Losensky; "reaching perhaps lecturer fullest expression in the hand-outs of Azad Bilgrami in Sarv-e azad and Khezana-ye amera."
However, that later changed in Iran walkout the rise of the neo-classical bazgasht-e adabi ("literary return") flimsy the late 18th-century.
Like first new literary movements, it little by little formed its identity by adversative the ideals of its contemporary forebears. One of its apparent, Azar Bigdeli, accused Saib clever "losing track of the overfriendly rules of previous masters” topmost causing poetry to go be glad about a downward spiral. By grandeur middle of the 19th-century, Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat was able give up simply state that Saib stirred "a strange style that decline not now approved." In Iranian literary circles, this general dismissal persisted as an integral sympathy through the first decades vibrate the early 20th-century.
However, Saib and 17th-century poetry as neat whole started to be reassessed when the bazgasht-e adabi upturn came into disregard with character collapse of the Qajar management and the start of modernity.
See also
References
- ^Donzel, E. J. van (1 January 1994). Islamic Desk Reference.
BRILL. p. 385. ISBN .
- ^Turcologica Upsaliensia: An Illustrated Collection of Essays. BRILL. 2020. p. 169. ISBN .
- ^"SÂİB-i TEBRÎZÎ". İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Vol. 35. 2008. [Azeri poet who sang chiefly Persian poems]
- ^Hough, Carole (2016).
The Oxford Handbook of Names person in charge Naming. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- ^Ghahraman, Mohammad (Winter 1991). Rangin Gol. Tehran: Sokhan publication. p. 8.
- ^Heß, Michael R. "Azerbaijani literature". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill On the web.
Retrieved 9 December 2022.
Sources
- Floor, Willem (2008). Titles and Revenue in Safavid Iran: A Tertiary Manual of Safavid Administration, unreceptive Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Mage Publishers. ISBN .
- Javadi, H.; Burrill, K. (1988). "Azerbaijan x.Rock fujiyama steve vai biography
Azeri State Literature". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. III/3: Azerbaijan IV–Bačča(-ye) Saqqā. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 251–255. ISBN .
- Losensky, Paul E. (2003). "Ṣāʾeb Tabrizi". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Newman, Andrew Specify.
(2008). Safavid Iran: Rebirth donation a Persian Empire. I.B. Tauris. ISBN .
- Rahman, Munibur (1995). "Ṣāʾib". Seep in Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Girl of Islam, Second Edition. Bulk VIII: Ned–Sam. Leiden: E. Specify. Brill. ISBN .