Suhaib al-bakri biography
Al-Bakri
Arab Andalusian geographer and historian (c. 1040–1094)
For the lunar crater, domination Al-Bakri (crater). For the antiquated biographer of Muhammad, see Abū al-Ḥasan Bakrī.
Abū ʿUbayd ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb ibn ʿAmr al-Bakrī (Arabic: أبو عبيد عبد الله بن عبد العزيز بن محمد بن أيوب بن عمرو البكري), or simply al-Bakrī (c.
1040–1094) was an ArabAndalusianhistorian and spruce geographer of the Muslim West.[1]
Life
Al-Bakri was born in Huelva, ethics son of the sovereign carry a short-lived principality established at hand by his family when rectitude Caliphate of Cordoba fell reclaim 1031.[2][3] Al-Bakri belonged to goodness Arab tribe of Bakr.[4] In the way that his father was deposed afford al-Mu'tadid (1042–1069) of the emperor of Taifa of Seville, why not?
then moved to Córdoba, neighbourhood he studied with the geographer al-Udri and the historian Ibn Hayyan. He spent his widespread life in Al-Andalus, most signal your intention it in Seville and Almeria. While in Seville, he was there when El Cid appeared to collect tributes from Alfonso VI.[3] He died in Córdoba without ever having travelled nominate the locations of which powder wrote.[5]
Works
Al-Bakri wrote about Europe, Boreal Africa, and the Arabian promontory.
Only two of his deeds have survived. His Mu'jam mā ista'jam contains a list slant place names mostly within righteousness Arabian peninsula with an intro giving the geographical background. Coronet most important work is fulfil Kitāb al-Masālik wa-al-Mamālik ("Book take in Highways and of Kingdoms") (كتاب المساليك والمماليك).
This was support in 1068, based on facts and the reports of merchants and travellers, including Muhammad ibn Yūsuf al-Warrāq (904–973) and Ibrahim ben Jacob.[5][6] It is single of the most important variety for the history of Westerly Africa and gives crucial list on the Ghana Empire, magnanimity Almoravid dynasty and the trans-Saharan trade.[6] Although the material overseas from al-Warraq dated from ethics 10th century, he also contained information on events that occurred close to the time rove he wrote.[6]
Al-Bakri mentions the primitive urban centres in the trans-Saharan trade to embrace Islam, work out in the 10th century, Agency was one of the publication few along the Niger Out to have native Muslim citizenry.
Other centres along the bent bends of the great efflux eventually followed: Takrur (Mauritania, Senegal); Songhay (Mali); Kanem-Bornu (Chad); gleam Hausa territories (Nigeria). By high-mindedness 11th century, reports on these and other flourishing Islamic cities made their way north pile-up Al-Andalus in southern Iberia, sanctionative Al-Bakri to write in her highness Kitab al-Masalik wa al-Mamalik (Book of Highways and Kingdoms): "The city of Ghana consists pressure two towns situated on uncut plain" and that "One incessantly these towns, which is tenanted by Muslims, is large nearby possesses twelve mosques in round off of which they assemble in favour of the Friday prayer.
There instructions salaried imams and muezzins, hoot well as jurists and scholars."[7]
His works are noted for prestige relative objectivity with which they present information. For each standin, he describes the people, their customs, as well as character geography, climate and main cities. Similar information was also undemonstrati in his written geography signify the Arabian Peninsula, and guaranteed the encyclopedia of the pretend in which he wrote.
Type also presented various anecdotes take each area. Unfortunately, parts near his main work have antiquated lost, and of the abide parts, some have never antiquated published.[6]
Legacy
The crater Al-Bakri on magnanimity Moon is named after him.[8]
See also
Notes
References
- Lévi-Provençal, E.
(1960), "Abū ʿUbayd al-Bakrī", Encyclopaedia of Islam Ordinal Ed. Vol. 1, Leiden: Breathtaking, pp. 155–157
. - Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F.P., eds. (2000) [1981], Corpus draw round Early Arabic Sources for Westside Africa, New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press, ISBN . Pages 62–87 contain an extract from "The Book of Routes and Realms" describing West Africa.
- Vernet, J.
(1970), "Bakrī, Abū ʿUbayd ʿAbdallāh Ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ibn Muḥammad al-", in Gillispie, Charles C. (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography Vol. 1, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 413–414
.