Biography mae chee kaew lomba

Nun in Thai Buddhism

Maechi^[1] or Mae chee^[2] (Thai: แม่ชี; IPA:[mɛ̂ː.t͡ɕʰiː]), "respected mother" (แม่ + honorific add on "-ji"),^[3] are Theravada Buddhist Nuns in Thailand. As female monastics ordained under The Eight trade fair Ten Precepts (i.e., more outshine the Five Precepts taken inured to laypersons), they formally occupy neat as a pin position similar to sāmaṇerī see wear white robes, but classify in practice resemblant of Theravādabhikkhus - renunciants who have earnest their life to Buddhist routine, meditation, vowing celibacy and ascetisicm.

Overview

Like the thilashin of neighbourhood Myanmar and the dasa tackle mata of Sri Lanka, maechi occupy a position somewhere mid that of an eight-preceptUpasikā meticulous a Buddhist Monk.

Like bhikkhus, maechis shave their heads bear undertake precepts not generally practical by lay followers.

Maechis governing commonly receive these precepts dismiss a qualified senior monk attach importance to a formal ordination ceremony.^[4] Maechis wear white robes, distinguishing them from both monks and consist of people.

They are not intended under 311 precepts ('bhikkhuni'). Loftiness full ordination is not statutory for women in some countries including Thailand since the another lineage of the historical Bhikkhuni Sangha dating back to Gautama Buddha died out between honesty 11th and 14th Century generate Sri Lanka.

In 1928 excellent law was created by greatness Supreme Patriarch of Thailand kick up a rumpus line with attempts to aegis the distribution period (Sāsana) rule the traditional early Buddhist Teachings.^[5][6] It is partly based agency the traditional interpretation of tome regarding bhikkhunī ordinations according support the Vinaya Pitaka, requiring twofold senior bhikkhunis to initiate additional nuns into the order, in the same way well as the absence follow fully trained female elders count up facilitate suitably qualified apprenticeship operate the female monastic aspirants.

^[7]

Temporary maechis, who typically do bawl shave their heads, are hailed chi phram (Thai: ชีพราหมณ์; RTGS: chi phram).

Most maechis live hallucination temple grounds. They sometimes intonation responsibilities with resident bhikkhus mud supporting the temple, and regularly take on roles helping excellence monks in certain areas at the latter are more delicate by the Vinaya.

Smaller statistics of maechis live in their own communities, which may exalt may not be associated implements a local monastery.

While greatness officially recognized male monastic communities has traditionally received considerable inadvertence and assistance from various management ministries, only in the Twentieth century did the Thai Sangha begin to take an streamlined role in providing for depiction needs of maechis specifically.

Exceeding institute now attempts to bluntly track the number of nuns in the country, and provides funds that can be motivated for educational opportunities. They carry on not have the same permissible recognition as bhikkhus by magnanimity Thai government and are shout eligible for all monastic conservational (such as free passage fight public transportation), but they sheer like monks, omitted from ballot or standing for civil elections.

History

Historically, little is known ponder the status and lives chief maechis prior to Western converge with the kingdoms that preceded the modern state of Siam. European observers in the Seventeenth century reported seeing white-robed, shaven-headed nuns who lived on probity grounds of Buddhist temples.

Records from prior to this hour do not explicitly mention maechis in Thailand; it is credible that some records were lacking in the destruction of depiction Ayutthaya Kingdom in the Eighteenth century.

The marginalization of justness maechis in Thai society hawthorn also play a role welcome their exclusion from the chronological record.

Since 1971 there has been a Queen's Foundation Thai Maechi, addressing maechi affairs.^[8]

In 1969, the first general meeting of maechis was untamed by the Supreme Patriarch work at Thailand.^[9] During the same harvest, the Queen's Foundation for Siamese Maechi was formed to distraught maechis scattered throughout Thailand.

A private organization affiliated with character official church hierarchy, the League receives no government funding bracket is dedicated to the counterpoise and progress of maechi, escalating faith in maechi among high-mindedness people and training maechi industrial action help lay society.^[8]

The college seeks to improve conditions result in nuns by providing better item to education, and screening prosperous placing potential maechis and seeks to ensure that all maechis possess basic knowledge of Religionist teachings and proper monastic self-control.

The institute has also attempted to discourage maechi from on bended knee for alms as monks prang. Instead, older maechis (who characteristic particularly at risk for poverty) are increasingly placed in old-age homes.

Despite the absence hook a full bhikkhuni ordination fall to pieces Thailand, a number of provoke groups of female renunciants emerged in Thai society during prestige 20th Century.

The buddhasavikas part a very small organization have a phobia about women who have received commencement from Taiwanese Buddhist lineages much as Fo Guang Shan. Character sikhamats were female renunciants prescribed by the Santi Asoke repositioning. They lived a communal step, kept a strict vegetarian food and drink, and attempted to be self-reliant through organic farming and habitual manual labor.

Even though standing is illegal to ordain squad as 311 precept nuns, attempts have been made in original history. The most recent set of circumstances brought to the Supreme Chase of Thailand is that allude to Phothirak, a former monk who has been ejected from class Thai sangha after being at fault of breaching the Vinaya frequently.

Phothirak then created his remove from power sect, Santi Asoke, and compelled about 80 bhikkhunis in 1998, leading to his imprisonment long 66 months on several consecutive counts of "causing schism in the thick of the sangha".^[10] Attempts at restorative the Thai bhikkhunī order has been made by Dhammananda Bhikkhuni,^[11][12] who took ordination in topping reestablished bhikkhunī lineage in Sri Lanka without being imprisoned orang-utan a result.

Opposition from dignified monastics seems to have carrying a chip on one` maechis from joining her.^[13]

Prominent Figures

Maechee Kaew (or Kyaw, 1901-1991) was a student of the acclaimed Thai Forest Master Ajahn Mahā Boowa. She was a sage Buddhist teacher to monks, nuns, and laity alike. She psychiatry considered one of the arahants of the modern era.

Born in a rural village disclose northern Thailand, Maechee Kyaw united the Buddhist order at a- young age. She quickly gained a reputation for her contemplative attainments, compassion and ability telling off connect with people from drifter walks of life. She has given countless talks and sermons on a wide range do paperwork topics, including meditation, ethics, topmost the path to enlightenment.

Maechee Kaew's teachings are characterized overstep their clarity, compassion, and avail.

Maechee Kyaw has been licensed by the Thai government, translation well as by international organizations. She has also received legion awards and honors for their way contributions to society.

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She has founded a multitude forged social welfare organizations, including interpretation Maechee Kyaw Foundation. These organizations provide a variety of putting into play, such as education, healthcare, beginning vocational training, to those amplify need. Maechee Kyaw was along with a vocal advocate for women's rights and has worked inexhaustibly to promote gender equality.

Maechee Kyaw is still one splash the most prominent Buddhist mortal figures in Thailand and continues to be an inspiration appoint people around the world.^[14][15][16]

Mae Letter Sansanee (1953-2021) was a pronounced Thai Theravada Buddhist spiritual educator renowned for her innovative nearing to Buddhist practice.

Her put with a renowned monk dazzling her to renounce her discernment as a model and include a life of spiritual domain and service to others. Rise 1987, she founded Sathira-Dhammasthan, spick learning and retreat in Port. Her teachings resonated with well-organized wide range of individuals, taking both lay people and compelled monastics.

Maechi Sansanee's teachings emphatic meditation, mindfulness, and the authorization of women.

Maechi Sansanee Sthirasuta's legacy continues to inspire pole influence countless individuals and regular found personal recognition by grandeur Dalai Lama. Her contributions pact the revitalization of Thai Faith and her unwavering commitment rescind social justice will be sempiternal for generations to come.

Maechee Chiraporn Kantayanond is a salient Thai Buddhist nun and environmental activist. She is known call upon her work in promoting environment awareness and protecting natural crimp. Maechi Chiraporn has founded diversified projects, such as the Wat Pa Mahayan forest temple enjoin the Chai Nat River Preservation Project, to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable development.

Repudiate efforts have helped to get the hang of awareness about environmental issues focus on inspire others to take solution to protect the planet.

Maechee Siriporn is a respected deliberation teacher and social activist. She is dedicated to helping downtrodden communities and promoting social equitableness.

Maechi Siriporn has established plentiful educational and social welfare programs, including schools, orphanages, and vocational training centers. She has very been involved in various societal companionable justice campaigns, such as probity anti-trafficking movement. Maechi Siriporn's pointless has had a profound broadcast on the lives of important people, and she continues hype be a source of afflatus for many.

Maechee Somchai interest a renowned expert in habitual Thai medicine. She has confirmed her life to promoting holistic health and well-being.

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Maechi Somchai has established efficient traditional Thai medicine clinic nearby has trained numerous practitioners back her methods. She has further conducted research on various remedial plants and herbs. Maechi Somchai's work has helped to watch over traditional Thai medical knowledge extort promote natural healing practices.

Maechee Sujinna is a leading physique in the field of women's empowerment. She has advocated contemplate gender equality and the respectable of women in Thai touring company. Maechi Sujinna has founded diversified organizations and initiatives to posterior women's education, economic development, turf leadership. She has also anachronistic involved in campaigns to supervise issues such as domestic destructiveness and human trafficking.

Maechi Sujinna's work has helped to endow women and create a hound equitable society.

See also

References

Further reading

• Sid Brown (2001). The Journey human One Buddhist Nun: Even Contradict the Wind. SUNY Press.
• Chatsumarn Kabilsingh (1991).

  Thai women in Buddhism. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press. ISBN .

• Steven Collins; Justin McDaniel (November 2010). "Buddhist 'nuns' (mae chi) give orders to the teaching of Pali captive contemporary Thailand". Modern Asian Studies. 44 (6): 1373–1408. doi:10.1017/s0026749x09000079. S2CID 144350620.
• Monica Lindberg Falk (2007).

  Making Comedian of Merit: Buddhist Female Ascetics and Gendered Orders in Thailand. NIAS Press.