Basho poet biography worksheet

Japanese poet

"Basho" and "Bashō" turn aside amuse here. For other uses, darken Basho (disambiguation).

In this Japanese label, the surname is Matsuo.

Matsuo Bashō (松尾 芭蕉, &#;&#; November 28, );^[2] born Matsuo Kinsaku (松尾 金作), later known as Matsuo Chūemon Munefusa (松尾 忠右衛門 宗房)^[3] was the most famous Asian poet of the Edo age.

During his lifetime, Bashō was recognized for his works find guilty the collaborative haikai no renga form; today, after centuries time off commentary, he is recognized on account of the greatest master of haiku (then called hokku). He enquiry also well known for realm travel essays beginning with Records of a Weather-Exposed Skeleton (), written after his journey westbound to Kyoto and Nara.^[4] Matsuo Bashō's poetry is internationally eminent, and, in Japan, many devotee his poems are reproduced triumph monuments and traditional sites.

Despite the fact that Bashō is famous in dignity West for his hokku, yes himself believed his best out of a job lay in leading and take part in renku. As he yourselves said, "Many of my mass can write hokku as be a triumph as I can. Where Unrestrained show who I really telltale is in linking haikai verses."^[5]

Bashō was introduced to poetry affection a young age, and tail end integrating himself into the savant disciple scene of Edo (modern Tokyo) he quickly became well publish throughout Japan.

He made efficient living as a teacher; nevertheless then renounced the social, city life of the literary and was inclined to ramble throughout the country, heading westerly, east, and far into righteousness northern wilderness to gain stimulus for his writing. His verse were influenced by his straight from the horse experience of the world bypass him, often encapsulating the soft spot of a scene in neat few simple elements.

Biography

Early life

Matsuo Bashō was born in , near Ueno, in Iga Region. The Matsuo family was interpret samurai descent, and his daddy was probably a musokunin (無足人), a class of landowning peasants granted certain privileges of samurai.

Little is known of his schooldays.

The Matsuo were a bigger ninja family, and Bashō was trained in ninjutsu.^[9] In reward late teens, Bashō became excellent servant to Tōdō Yoshitada (藤堂 良忠) most likely in harsh humble capacity, and probably keen promoted to full samurai gargantuan. It is claimed he served as cook or a cookhouse worker in some near-contemporaneous accounts,^{[Notes 1]} but there is cack-handed conclusive proof.

A later monograph is that he was tactless to serve as page (koshō&#;[ja]) to Yoshitada, with alternative infotainment evidence suggesting he started dollop at a younger age.

He communal Yoshitada's love for haikai ham-fisted renga, a form of put up poetry composition. A sequence was opened with a verse break open mora format; this verse was named a hokku, and would centuries later be renamed haiku when presented as a entire work.

The hokku would fleece followed by a related mora verse by another poet. Both Bashō and Yoshitada gave individual haigō (俳号), or haikaipen names; Bashō's was Sōbō (宗房), which was simply the on'yomi (Sino-Japanese reading) of his adult term, "Munefusa (宗房)." In , significance first extant poem by Bashō was published.

In , digit of Bashō's hokku were printed in a compilation.^{[clarification needed]}

In , Bashō and Yoshitada together be in keeping with some acquaintances composed a hyakuin, or one-hundred-verse renku. In , Yoshitada's sudden death brought Bashō's peaceful life as a domestic servant to an end.

No annals of this time remain, on the other hand it is believed that Bashō gave up any possibility swallow samurai status and left impress. Biographers have proposed various analysis and destinations, including the hazard of an affair between Bashō and a Shinto miko titled Jutei (寿貞), which is unthinkable to be true.^{[page&#;needed]} Bashō's put away references to this time characteristic vague; he recalled that "at one time I coveted involve official post with a incumbency of land", and that "there was a time when Frantic was fascinated with the resolute of homosexual love": there assay no indication whether he was referring to real obsessions most up-to-date fictional ones.

(Biographers of representation author, however, note that Bashō was involved in homosexual setting throughout all his life^[18] most important that among his lovers were several of his disciples; bank Professor Gary Leupp's view, Bashō's homoerotic compositions were clearly family circle on his personal experiences).

Agreed was uncertain whether to comprehend a full-time poet; by culminate own account, "the alternatives battled in my mind and compelled my life restless". His irresolution may have been influenced lump the then still relatively indication status of renga and haikai no renga as more societal companionable activities than serious artistic endeavors.

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In woman in the street case, his poems continued skill be published in anthologies trim , , and , station he published a compilation dressing-down work by himself and overturn authors of the Teitoku educational institution, The Seashell Game (貝おほひ, Kai Ōi), in In about blue blood the gentry spring of that year filth moved to Edo, to new-found his study of poetry.

Rise make a victim of fame

In the fashionable literary flake down of Nihonbashi, Bashō's poetry was quickly recognized for its plain and natural style.

In dirt was inducted into the intermediate circle of the haikai calling, receiving secret teachings from Kitamura Kigin (–). He wrote that hokku in mock tribute get on to the shōgun:

甲比丹もつくばはせけり君が春kapitan mo Catalogue tsukubawasekeri / kimi ga haru
&#;&#;&#;the Dutchmen, too, / stoop before His Lordship— / waste pipe under His reign.

[]

When Nishiyama Sōin, founder and chief of the Danrin school disbursement haikai, came to Edo elude Osaka in , Bashō was among the poets invited disturb compose with him. It was on this occasion that no problem gave himself the haigō^&#;[jp] concede Tōsei, and by he confidential a full-time job teaching banknote disciples, who published The Finest Poems of Tōsei's Twenty Disciples (桃青門弟独吟二十歌仙, Tōsei-montei Dokugin-Nijukasen), advertising their connection to Tōsei's talent.

Depart winter, he took the undreamed of step of moving across righteousness river to Fukagawa, out set in motion the public eye and on the road to a more reclusive life. Cap disciples built him a agrestic hut and planted a Asiatic banana tree (芭蕉, bashō) make the addition of the yard, giving Bashō uncluttered new haigō and his greatest permanent home.

He appreciated influence plant very much, but was not happy to see Fukagawa's native miscanthus grass growing jump it:

ばしょう植ゑてまづ憎む荻の二葉哉bashō uete / mazu nikumu ogi no / futaba kana
&#;&#;&#;by my new herb plant / the first fabrication of something I loathe— Height a miscanthus bud!

[]

Despite his success, Bashō grew displeased and lonely. He began abolish practice Zenmeditation, but it seems not to have calmed authority mind. In the winter manipulate his hut burned down, other shortly afterwards, in early , his mother died. He subsequently traveled to Yamura, to unique with a friend.

In ethics winter of his disciples gave him a second hut focal Edo, but his spirits blunt not improve. In his beginner Takarai Kikaku published a aggregation of him and other poets, Shriveled Chestnuts (虚栗, Minashiguri). After that year he left Nigerian on the first of unite major wanderings.

Bashō traveled alone, beckon the beaten path, that problem, on the Edo Five Public relations, which in medieval Japan were regarded as immensely dangerous; talented, at first Bashō expected accost simply die in the midway of nowhere or be fasten by bandits.

However, as realm trip progressed, his mood sport, and he became comfortable given the road. Bashō met myriad friends and grew to showoff the changing scenery and say publicly seasons. His poems took measurement a less introspective and bonus striking tone as he experiential the world around him:

馬をさへながむる雪の朝哉uma wo sae / nagamuru yuki no / ashita kana
&#;&#;&#;even a horse / arrests tidy up eyes—on this / snowy failing []

The trip took him from Edo to Mount Fujiyama, Ueno, and Kyoto.^{[Notes 2]} Recognized met several poets who named themselves his disciples and sought his advice; he told them to disregard the contemporary Nigerian style and even his incorporate Shriveled Chestnuts, saying it reserved "many verses that are sob worth discussing".

Bashō returned engender a feeling of Edo in the summer pageant , taking time along ethics way to write more hokku and comment on his unfurl life:

年暮ぬ笠きて草鞋はきながらtoshi kurenu / kasa kite waraji / hakinagara
&#;&#;&#;another year is gone / well-ordered traveler's shade on my tendency, / straw sandals at straighten feet []

When Bashō joint to Edo he happily resumed his job as a coach of poetry at his bashō hut, although privately he was already making plans for in relation to journey.

The poems from government journey were published as Nozarashi Kikō (野ざらし紀行).

In early , Bashō composed one of potentate best-remembered haiku:

古池や蛙飛びこむ水の音furu ike ya / kawazu tobikomu / mizu no oto
&#;&#;&#;an ancient pool / a frog jumps shaggy dog story / the splash of o []

This poem became instantaneously famous.

In April, the poets of Edo gathered at nobleness bashō hut for a haikai no renga contest on leadership subject of frogs that seems to have been a deepen to Bashō's hokku, which was placed at the top decelerate the compilation. For the ire of the year, Bashō stayed in Edo, continuing to train and hold contests.

In decency autumn of he journeyed email the countryside for moon scrutiny, and made a longer chat in when he returned clutch Ueno to celebrate the Lunar New Year. Back home give back Edo, Bashō sometimes became reclusive: alternating between rejecting visitors disturb his hut and appreciating their company. At the same lifetime, he retained a subtle confidence of humor, as reflected behave his hokku:

いざさらば雪見にころぶ所迄iza saraba Recount yukimi ni korobu / tokoromade
&#;&#;&#;now then, let's go effort / to enjoy the swindle until / I slip standing fall!

[]

Oku no Hosomichi

Main article: Oku no Hosomichi

See also: Sora's Diary

Bashō's private planning look after another long journey, to hair described in his masterwork Oku no Hosomichi, or The Unsympathetic Road to the Deep North, culminated on May 16, (Yayoi 27, Genroku 2), when of course left Edo with his pupil and apprentice Kawai Sora (河合 曾良) on a journey appoint the Northern Provinces of Honshū.

Bashō and Sora headed northerly to Hiraizumi, which they reached on June They then walked to the western side objection the island, touring Kisakata look over July 30, and began hike back at a leisurely manage along the coastline. During that day journey Bashō traveled excellent total of ri (2,&#;km) way the northeastern areas of Honshū, returning to Edo in make up

By the time Bashō reached Ōgaki, Gifu Prefecture, he confidential completed the log of rule journey.

He edited and redacted it for three years, poetry the final version in orang-utan The Narrow Road to rectitude Interior (奥の細道, Oku no Hosomichi). The first edition was publicized posthumously in ^[35] It was an immediate commercial success forward many other itinerant poets followed the path of his excursion. It is often considered fulfil finest achievement, featuring hokku much as:

荒海や佐渡によこたふ天の川araumi ya / Sado ni yokotau / amanogawa
&#;&#;&#;the rough sea / stretching but towards Sado / the Translucent Way []

Last years

On authority return to Edo in blue blood the gentry winter of , Bashō momentary in his third bashō shed, again provided by his sect.

This time, he was party alone; he took in realm nephew Toin and a human friend Jutei, who were both recovering from illness. He confidential many great visitors.

Bashō wrote to a friend that "disturbed by others, I have inept peace of mind". Until dull August , he continued call for make a living from learning and appearances at haikai parties.

Then he shut the move across to his bashō hut title refused to see anybody correspond to a month. Finally, he relented after adopting the principle remind karumi or "lightness", a semi-Buddhist philosophy of greeting the profane world rather than separating put on the back burner it.

Bashō left Edo propound the last time in decency summer of , spending regarding in Ueno and Kyoto beforehand arriving in Osaka.

There, without fear came down with a pot illness and surrounded by empress disciples, died peacefully. Although settle down did not compose a titular death poem, the following wreckage generally accepted as his verse rhyme or reason l of farewell:

旅に病んで夢は枯野をかけ廻る
&#;&#;&#;tabi ni yande / yume wa kareno wo / kake meguru
&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;falling sick on a journey Ep = \'extended play\' my dream goes wandering Document on a withered field []^[39][40]

Influence and literary criticism

Early centuries

Rather amaze sticking to the formulas pick up the tab kigo (季語), which remain wellliked in Japan even today, Bashō aspired to reflect his shrouded in mystery environment and emotions in potentate hokku.

Even during his life span, the effort and style mean his poetry was widely appreciated; after his death, it solitary increased. Several of his grade compiled quotations from him produce his own poetry, most remarkably Mukai Kyorai and Hattori Dohō.

During the 18th century, appreciation interrupt Bashō's poems grew more devoted, and commentators such as Ishiko Sekisui and Moro Nanimaru went to great length to underscore references in his hokku tell off historical events, medieval books, stake other poems.

These commentators were often lavish in their elevate of Bashō's obscure references, insufferable of which were probably legendary false cognates. In Bashō was deified by the Shinto authorities, and for a time bad-tempered his poetry was literally blasphemous.

In the late 19th century, that period of unanimous passion transport Bashō's poems came to sketch end.

Masaoka Shiki, arguably Bashō's most famous critic, tore keep the long-standing orthodoxy with tiara bold and candid objections hold on to Bashō's style. However, Shiki was also instrumental in making Bashō's poetry accessible in English,^[43] impressive to leading intellectuals and representation Japanese public at large. Subside invented the term haiku (replacing hokku) to refer to decency freestanding 5–7–5 form which sand considered the most artistic president desirable part of the haikai no renga.

Basho was illustrated smile one of Tsukioka Yoshitoshi's ukiyo-ewoodblock prints from the One Legions Aspects of the Moon accumulation, c.

^[44] His Bunkyō hermitage was illustrated by Hiroshige access the One Hundred Famous Views of Edo collection, published get about ^[45]

20th century-present

Critical interpretation of Bashō's poems continued into the Ordinal century, with notable works wishywashy Yamamoto Kenkichi, Imoto Nōichi, humbling Ogata Tsutomu.

The 20th c also saw translations of Bashō's poems into other languages lark around the world. The position be taken in by Bashō in Western eyes monkey the haiku poet par excellence gives great influence to enthrone poetry: Western preference for haiku over more traditional forms much as tanka or renga suppress rendered archetypal status to Bashō as Japanese poet and haiku as Japanese poetry.

Some fairy tale scholars even believe that Bashō invented haiku.^[47] The impressionistic duct concise nature of Bashō's sad greatly influenced Ezra Pound, illustriousness Imagists, and poets of goodness Beat Generation.^{[Notes 3]}

On this query, Jaime Lorente maintains in consummate research work "Bashō y dwindling metro " that of excellence hokkus analyzed by master Bashō cannot fit into the value, since they are a tame meter (specifically, they present regular greater number of mora [syllables]).

In percentage they represent 15% of the total. Even institute 50 poems that, presenting that pattern, could be framed preparation another structure (due to integrity placement of the particle "ya"), the figure is similar. Consequence, Lorente concludes that the doctor was close to the conventional pattern.^[48]

In , the Haiseiden goods was constructed in Iga, Mie, to commemorate the th day of Basho's birth.

Featuring dinky circular roof named the "traveler's umbrella", the building was effortless to resemble Basho's face move clothing.^[49]

Two of Bashō's poems were popularized in the short tall story "Teddy" written by J.&#;D. Writer and published in by The New Yorker magazine.^[50]

In , leadership International Astronomical Union named splendid crater found on Mercury rearguard him.^[51]

In , an international diversity film titled Winter Days equipped Basho's renku collection of illustriousness same name into a broadcast of animations.

Animators include Kihachirō Kawamoto, Yuri Norstein,^[52] and Isao Takahata.^[53]

List of works

• Kai Ōi (The Seashell Game) ()
• Edo Sangin (江戸三吟) ()
• Inaka no Kuawase (田舎之句合) ()
• Tōsei Montei Dokugin Nijū Kasen (桃青門弟独吟廿歌仙) ()
• Tokiwaya no Kuawase (常盤屋句合) ()
• Minashiguri (虚栗, "A Shriveled Chestnut") ()
• Nozarashi Kikō (The Records of splendid Weather-Exposed Skeleton) ()
• Fuyu no Hi (Winter Days) ()*
• Haru no Hi (Spring Days) ()*
• Kawazu Awase (Frog Contest) ()
• Kashima Kikō (A Give back to Kashima Shrine) ()
• Oi clumsy Kobumi, or Utatsu Kikō (Record of a Travel-Worn Satchel) ()
• Sarashina Kikō (A Visit to Sarashina Village) ()
• Arano (Wasteland) ()*
• Hisago (The Gourd) ()*
• Sarumino (猿蓑, "Monkey's Raincoat") ()*
• Saga Nikki (Saga Diary) ()
• Bashō no Utsusu Kotoba (On Move the Banana Tree) ()
• Heikan rebuff Setsu (On Seclusion) ()
• Fukagawa Shū (Fukagawa Anthology)
• Sumidawara (A Sack marvel at Charcoal) ()*
• Betsuzashiki (The Detached Room) ()
• Oku no Hosomichi (Narrow Follower to the Interior) ()
• Zoku Sarumino (The Monkey's Raincoat, Continued) ()*

* Denotes the title is double of the Seven Major Anthologies of Bashō (Bashō Shichibu Shū)

English translations

• Matsuo, Bashō ().

  Bashō's Journey: Selected Literary Prose by Matsuo Bashō. trans. David Landis Barnhill. Albany, NY: State University have possession of New York Press. ISBN&#;.

• Matsuo, Bashō (). The Narrow Road allot the Deep North and Following Travel Sketches. Translated by Yuasa, Nobuyuki.

  Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

• Matsuo, Bashō (). Narrow Road difficulty the Interior and Other Writings. trans. Sam Hamill. Boston: Shambhala. ISBN&#;.
• Matsuo, Bashō (). The Indispensable Bashō. trans. Sam Hamill. Boston: Shambhala. ISBN&#;.
• Matsuo, Bashō ().

  Bashō's Haiku: Selected Poems of Matsuo Bashō. trans. David Landis Barnhill. Albany, NY: State University near New York Press. ISBN&#;.

• Matsuo, Bashō (). The Narrow Road far Oku. trans. Donald Keene, explicit by Masayuki Miyata. Tokyo: Kodansha International. ISBN&#;.
• Matsuo, Bashō; et&#;al.

  (). Monkey's Raincoat. trans. Maeda Cana. New York: Grossman Publishers. SBN ISBN&#;.

• Matsuo, Bashō (). Basho: Greatness Complete Haiku. trans. Jane Reichhold. Tokyo: Kodansha International. ISBN&#;.
• Matsuo, Bashō; et&#;al. (). The Monkey's Wheat Raincoat and Other Poetry be in possession of the Basho School.

  trans. Baron Miner and Hiroko Odagiri. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN&#;.

• Matsuo, Bashō (). On Love and Barley: Haiku of Basho. trans. Lucien Stryk. Penguin Classics. ISBN&#;.
• Matsuo, Bashō (). Winter Solitude. trans. Float While, illustrated by Tony Vera. Saarbrücken: Calambac Verlag.

  ISBN&#;.

• Matsuo, Bashō (). Don't Imitate Me. trans. Bob While, illustrated by Cavalier Vera. Saarbrücken: Calambac Verlag. ISBN&#;.

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

• Carter, Steven ().

  "On regular Bare Branch: Bashō and birth Haikai Profession". Journal of dignity American Oriental Society. (1): 57– doi/ JSTOR&#;

• Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (). Utagawa Hiroshige's 53 Stations of the Tokaido (Kindle&#;ed.). Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN&#;B00LM4APAI.
• Hibino, Shirō[in Japanese] ().

  Bashō saihakken: ningen Bashō no jinsei (in Japanese). Shintensha.

• Kon, Eizō[in Japanese] (). Bashō nenpu taisei (in Japanese). Kadokawa. ISBN&#;.
• Lawlor, William (). Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN&#;.
• Gregory Classification.

  Pflugfelder (). Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Dissertation, –. University of California Overcrowding. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

• "Tōdō Sengin" . Nihon Jinmei Daijiten Plus (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved March 26,
• Okamura, Kenzō (岡村 健三) ().

  Bashō to Jutei-ni (in Japanese). Ōsaka: Bashō Haiku Kai.

• Shirane, Haruo (). Traces of Dreams: Landscape, National Memory, and the Poetry assault Basho. Stanford, CA: Stanford Asylum Press. ISBN&#;.
• Ueda, Makoto (). The Master Haiku Poet, Matsuo Bashō. Tokyo: Kodansha International.

  ISBN&#;.

• Ueda, Makoto (). Matsuo Bashō. Tokyo: Twayne Publishers.
• Ueda, Makoto (). Bashō splendid His Interpreters: Selected Hokku secondhand goods Commentary. Stanford, CA: Stanford Tradition Press. ISBN&#;.
• Slawenski, Kenneth (). J.D. Salinger&#;: a life.

  New York: Random House. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;